Interventions to Prevent Stunting in Children: A Systematic Review of Nutritional Programs

Abstract

Efforts to prevent stunting require evidence-based interventions that are scalable and context-appropriate. This systematic review analyzed 45 peer-reviewed studies from 2005–2023, focusing on nutritional programs that addressed stunting in children under five years of age. The review followed PRISMA guidelines and included interventions from Southeast Asia, with 10 studies from Indonesia. Findings suggest that the most effective interventions were multi-component programs combining maternal education, child feeding support, micronutrient supplementation, and WASH (Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene) initiatives. Single-intervention programs such as vitamin A supplementation or food fortification showed limited long-term impact unless embedded in community-based platforms. Programs emphasizing the first 1,000 days were consistently associated with reductions in stunting prevalence ranging from 5–17%. Community participation, local food utilization, and integration with existing health services were key success factors. The review calls for cross-sectoral collaboration and long-term commitment from stakeholders to ensure program sustainability and scale-up, particularly in rural and underserved communities.